使用Python实现简单的前后端交互

源码包下载（包含前端页面）：http://itdaye.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/BMS.zip

1.搭建简单web服务器web.py

import socket
import multiprocessing
import sys
import framework

# 定义web服务类
class HttpWebServer():
    def __init__(self,argv_port):
        # 创建套接字对象
        HttpWebServer_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        # 设置端口号复用, 程序退出端口立即释放
        HttpWebServer_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)
        # 绑定端口号和IP地址
        HttpWebServer_socket.bind(('',argv_port))
        # 设置监听
        HttpWebServer_socket.listen(126)
        self.HttpWebSever_socket = HttpWebServer_socket

    # 处理客户端请求
    def client_request(self,client_link_object):
        # 接受客户端数据 二进制数据需要进行解码
        client_data = client_link_object.recv(4096)
        # 处理客户端接受到的数据 分离出访问的路径信息
        mulu_msg = str(client_data.decode('utf-8')).split(' ', 2)
        request_path =mulu_msg[1]
        # 判断客户端请求是否是根目录
        if request_path == '/':
            request_path = '/index.html'

        if request_path.endswith('.html'):
            """判断客户的请求是否是动态资源请求，动态资源请求交给web框架处理"""
            # 把接收到的客户数据存储到字典中
            env ={
               "request_path":request_path

            }
            status,headers,response_body = framework.handle_request(env)
            # 使用框架处理的数据拼接响应报文
            # 响应行
            response_line = "HTTP/1.1 %s\r\n" % status
            # 响应头
            response_header =""
            for header in headers:
                # 拼接多个响应头
                response_header += "%s: %s\r\n" % header
            response_data = (response_line +
                             response_header +
                             "\r\n"+
                             response_body).encode('utf-8')
            #发送数据
            client_link_object.send(response_data)
            #关闭socket
            client_link_object.close()
        else:
            """静态资源请求处理"""
            # 对客户端的提供的路径进行判断
            try:
                with open('static' + request_path, 'rb') as file:
                    data1 = file.read()
            except Exception as e:
                data1 = open('static/error.html', 'rb').read()
                # 响应行
                response_line = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
                # 响应头
                response_head = 'Server: itdaye.com\r\n'
                # 响应体
                data = (response_line + response_head + '\r\n').encode('utf-8') + data1
                # 响应客户端数据 这个数据需要根据http响应报文格式拼接组成
                client_link_object.send(data)
                # 关闭套接字
                client_link_object.close()
                print('访问路径不存在')
            else:
                # 响应行
                response_line = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
                # 响应头
                response_head = 'Server: itdaye.com\r\n'
                # 响应体
                data = (response_line + response_head + '\r\n').encode('utf-8') + data1
                # 响应客户端数据 这个数据需要根据http响应报文格式拼接组成
                client_link_object.send(data)
                # 关闭套接字
                client_link_object.close()
        # 定义一个启动函数,用来创建子进程
    def start(self):
        while True:
            # 等待客户端连接请求 连接建立成功会返回两个数据，一个对象，和一个元祖数据（客户端ip和端口）
            client_link_object, ipandport = self.HttpWebSever_socket.accept()
            # 创建子进程
            client_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.client_request, args=(client_link_object,),
                                                    daemon=True)
            # 启动进程
            client_process.start()


# 定义一个主函数,用作程序入口
def main():
    # argv_order = sys.argv
    #
    # if len(argv_order) != 2:
    #     print('您输入的命令格式错误!!!')
    #     return
    # if not argv_order[1].isdigit():
    #     print('端口号请输入数字')
    #     return
    # argv_port = int(argv_order[1])
    httpws = HttpWebServer(8000)
    httpws.start()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

2.搭建web框架framework.py

import time
import pymysql
import json
route_list=[]

#定义一个装饰器
def route(patch):
    def decorator(func):
        route_list.append((patch,func))
        def inner():
            func()
        return inner
    return decorator
# 定义一个英雄对应图书的数据接口
@route("/herobooks_data.html")
def herobooks_data():
    # 响应状态
    status = "200 OK"
    # 响应头
    response_header = [("Server", "PWS2.0"),("Content-Type","charset=utf-8")]
    conn = pymysql.connect(host="192.168.1.128",
                           port=3306,
                           user='root',
                           password='mysql',
                           database='miniweb',
                           charset='utf8')
    # 创建游标
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    # 设置sql语句
    sql = "select h.hname,b.btitle from tb_heros h left join tb_books b on h.hbook_id=b.id"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    result_sql = cursor.fetchall()
    print(type(result_sql))
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()
    # 定义一个英雄对应图书数据列表
    herotobook_list = list()
    # 遍历查询到的每一行数据并且转换成字典
    for row in result_sql:
        # 创建空的字典
        herobook_dict = dict()
        herobook_dict["hname"] = row[0]
        herobook_dict["btitle"] = row[1]
        herotobook_list.append(herobook_dict)
    # 把列表字典转换成json字符串
    json_str = json.dumps(herotobook_list, ensure_ascii=False)
    print(json_str)

    return status, response_header, json_str

@route("/index.html")
def index():
    # 响应状态
    status = "200 OK"
    # 响应头
    response_header = [("Server","PWS2.0")]
    with open("template/index.html", "r",encoding="utf-8") as file:
        file_data = file.read()
    result = file_data.replace("{%content%}", "")
    return status,response_header,result

# 处理未找到的资源请求
def not_found():
    # 响应状态
    status = "404 Not Found"
    # 响应头
    response_header = [("Server","PWS2.0")]
    # 处理后的数据
    data = "Not Found"
    return status, response_header, data
# route_list = [
#                 ('/index.html', index),
#                 ('/center.html', center)
#              ]
# 处理用户的动态资源请求
def handle_request(env):

    request_path =env['request_path']
    print(request_path)
    for path,func in route_list:
        if request_path == path:
            #获取首页信息
            result = func()
            return result
    else:
        #没有找的资源
        result = not_found()
        return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
    index()